The Chinese ´sharp eyes´ system in the era of hypervigilance: between state use and risks to privacy

Mateus de Oliveira Fornasier, Gustavo Silveira Borges

Resumo


This article studies contemporary digital hypervigilance and the ways through which citizens' sensitive data are collected and analyzed for different purposes, contextualizing it in the sharp eyes system, originated in China. Specific objectives: i) to describe technological forms of surveillance based on personal and behavioral data generated in individuals' online communications; ii) to understand how States and private organizations use electronic data surveillance; iii) to comprehend the use of a high-tech surveillance system by the Chinese State, the Sharp Eyes system. Methodology: hypothetical-deductive procedure method, with a qualitative approach and bibliographic review research technique.

Palavras-chave


Privacy; surveillance; sharp eyes.

Texto completo:

PDF (English)

Referências


BERALDO, Davide; MILAN, Stefania. From data politics to the contentious politics of data. Big Data & Society, v. 6, n. 2, p. 1-11, 2019.

CAGE, Monkey. What do people in china think about ‘social credit’ monitoring?. The washington post. 2019. Available at: < https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/03/21/what-do-people-china-think-about-social-credit-monitoring/>. Access: Ago 30, 2021.

CHENYU, Liang. Are Chinese People ‘Less Sensitive’ About Privacy? Sixth tone, 2018. Available at: . Access: Ago 30, 2021.

CHINA. Constitution of the People's Republic of China. 1982. Available at:

CHINA. Civil Code. 2020. Available at: . Access: Ago 30, 2021.

CHINA DAILY. China’s Skynet Project finds people in minutes. 2017. Available at: . Access: Ago 30, 2021.

COWLS, Josh. Privacy Risks and Responses in the Digital Age. In: ÖHMAN, Carl; WATSON, David (org.). The 2018 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab. Oxford: Springer, 2018, p. 113-148.

CRAIG, Paul; SEÏLER Néna Roa. Empathetic Technology. In: TETTEGAH, Sharon Y.; NOBLE, Safiya Umoja (org.). Emotions and Technology: Communication of Feelings for, with, and through Digital Media. London; San Diego; Cambridge; Oxford: Elsevier Academic Press, 2016, p. 55-81.

CUSTES, C. Skynet achieved: Beijing is 100% covered by surveillance cameras, and nobody noticed. Techinasia, 2015. Available at: https://www.techinasia.com/skynet-achieved-beijing-100-covered-surveillance-cameras-noticed>. Access: Ago 30, 2021..

DE MUL, Jos. Database Identity: Personal and Cultural Identity in the age of Global Datafication. In: DE BEEN, Wouter; ARORA, Payal; HILDEBRANDT, Mireille (org.). Crossroads in new media, identity and law: the shape of diversity to come. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 97-118.

GERSHGORN, Dave. China’s ‘Sharp Eyes’ Program Aims to Surveil 100% of Public Space. 2021. Available at: https://onezero.medium.com/chinas-sharp-eyes-program-aims-to-surveil-100-of-public-space-ddc22d63e015. Accessed in May 27th, 2021.

DURANTE, Massimo; PAGALLO, Ugo. Legal Memories and the Right to be forgotten. In: FLORIDI, Luciano. Protection of Information and the Right to Privacy: A New Equilibrium? Cham: Springer, 2014, p. 17-30.

FERGUSON, Andrew G.. The rise of big data policing: surveillance, race, and the future of law enforcement. New York : New York University Press, 2017.

HAYES, Paul; VAN DE POEL, Ibo; STEEN, Marc. Algorithms and values in justice and security. AI & Society, 2020.

HINCKS, Joseph Hincks. China Is Creating a Database of Its Citizens 'Voices to Boost Its Surveillance Capability: Report. TIME. 2017.

HORSLEY, Jamie. How will China’s privacy law apply to the Chinese state?. Brookings Institute. 2021. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/how-will-chinas-privacy-law-apply-to-the-chinese-state/. Accessed in May 27th, 2021.

JINWOO, K. Orwell‟ s Nightmare: China‟ s Social Credit System. The Asian Institute for Policy Studies, v. 28, 2017. Available at: http://en.asaninst.org/contents/orwells-nightmare-chinas-social-credit-system/. Accessed in May 27th, 2021.

KANETAKE, Machiko. The EU’s dual-use export control and human rights risks: the case of cyber surveillance technology. Europe and the World: A law review, v. 3, n. 1, p. 1-16, 2019.

KANETAKE, Machiko. The Eu’s Export Control of Cyber Surveillance Technology: Human Rights Approaches. Business and Human Rights Journal, v. 4, n. 1, p. 155-162, 2019b.

LUPTON, Deborah. Digital Sociology. New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

LUPTON, Deborah. The Diverse Domains of Quantified Selves: self-tracking Modes and Dataveillance. Economy and Society, v. 45, n. 1, p. 101-122, 2016.

LUPTON, Deborah. Data mattering and self-tracking: what can personal data do? Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies, 2019.

LUPTON, Deborah. “It’s made me a lot more aware”: a new materialist analysis of health self-tracking. Media International Australia, v. 171, n. 1, p. 1-14, 2019.

LUPTON, Deborah; WILLIAMSON, Ben. The Datafied child: The dataveillance of children and implications for their rights. New Media & Society, v. 19, n. 5, p. 780-794, 2017.

LUPTON, Deborah; MICHAEL, Mike. ‘Depends on Who’s Got the Data’: Public Understandings of Personal Digital Dataveillance. Surveillance & Society, v. 15, n. 2, p. 254-268, 2017.

MARX, Gary T. Surveillance Studies In: SMELSER, Neil J.; BALTES, Paul B. (eds.). International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2 ed., Oxford: Elsevier, 2015, p. 733-741.

MARX, Gary T. Windows Into the Soul: Surveillance and Society in na Age of High Technology. Chicago; London: The University of Chicago Press, 2016.

PETZOLD, Thomas. Human-algorithmic scaffolding In: DE BEEN, Wouter; ARORA, Payal; HILDEBRANDT, Mireille (org.). Crossroads in new media, identity and the law: the shape of diversity to come. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, p. 156-176.

ROLLET, Charles. “China Public Video Surveillance Guide: From Skynet to Sharp Eyes,” IPVM, 14 June 2018. Available at: .

Access: Ago 30, 2021.

QIANG, Xiao. The road to digital unfreedom: President Xi's surveillance state. Journal of Democracy, v. 30, n. 1, p. 53-67, 2019.

SHUJIN, Wang. 临沂“雪亮工程”:治安防控 群众真正参与进来. 2016. Available at: Access: Ago 30, 2021.

WALKER, Christopher; LUDWIG, Jessica. From ‘Soft Power’ to ‘Sharp Power’: Rising Authoritarian Influence in the Democratic World. National Endowment for Democracy. 2017.

WANG, Wendi. Surveillance Madness: the Future of China?. Available at:

YU, Zhang. Facial recognition, AI and big data poised to boost Chinese public safety. Global times. 2017. Available at: . Access: Ago 30, 2021.

王淑静. 临沂“雪亮工程”:治安防控 群众真正参与进来了. China Peace, 2016. Available at: . Access: Ago 30, 2021.

最高法打造“天网”破解执行难 去年615万老赖被“限行”. 中国网. Available at: Access: Ago 30, 2021.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.5102/rbpp.v13i1.7997

ISSN 2179-8338 (impresso) - ISSN 2236-1677 (on-line)

Desenvolvido por:

Logomarca da Lepidus Tecnologia